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Rhesus factor and miscarriages
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🛑 People have blood groups A , B , AB and O. In addition to that , they also have a rhesus factor(Rh) ( a protein that you find on the red blood cells). If you have this protein, you're Rh positive, if you don't you're Rh negative. This is the plus or minus sign attached to your blood group.
🛑 Over 85% of people are rhesus positive ( Rh +) , while the remaining are Rh-
🛑 When a woman who's Rh+ marries a man who's Rh -, pregnancy isn't a problem and children born will either be RH + or Rh - . If both parents are Rh+ or RH-, children will have same as parents. However if a woman is Rh- and marries a man who's Rh+, she has to be monitored a bit closely during each pregnancy.
🛑What happens during pregnancy when you're Rh-
💥If you are Rh-negative and you are exposed to Rh-positive blood, you can produce antibodies to Rh(D).
💥Blood cells from an Rh-positive baby can enter your bloodstream during pregnancy and cause the development of these antibodies.
💥Your blood can come into contact with Rh+ blood late in pregnancy or during delivery and can also happen if you have a miscarriage, abortion, or ectopic pregnancy. ( If your baby happens to be Rh +)
💥If this is your first Rh-positive pregnancy, that baby is usually not affected as it takes time for the antibodies to develop. In your future pregnancies, these antibodies can pass through the placenta and attack Rh-positive red blood cells in the developing baby . This can cause the blood cells of your baby to break down or cause pregnancy loss.
💥During pregnancy you will be given Anti D injection at week 28 and 34 or only at 28 weeks based on dose given . You will also be given same should you bleed at any point during your pregnancy or have any procedure that might increase the risk of your blood abd your baby's blood coming into contact.
💥 Being Rh- does not cause miscarriage or pregnancy loss. You are only at risk if you have been sensitized. The risk is very small if you have the anti-D shots during pregnancy, or after an ectopic pregnancy, pregnancy loss, or induced abortion. If you don't receive these shots, your risk increases.
💥If you have been sensitized, a pregnancy with an Rh + baby can have complications and needs to be closely monitored. There is an increased risk of stillbirth due to a condition called immune hydrops fetalis that can develop in the second and third trimesters.
💥Pregnancy When Sensitized to Rh Factor
Even if you have lost a pregnancy due to Rh incompatibility or you are sensitized to Rh factor, you can have successful pregnancies in the future.
💥If your partner is Rh-positive, there is a strong chance that your baby will be too, and the pregnancy will have risks for miscarriage or hemolytic anemia of the newborn. You should take antenatal care very seriously.
💥If there are any complication with regards to anemia , your baby might need to be born earlier than normal, given transfusion in your womb or after birth.
💥Always remember to ask questions about anti D injections after birth or after any bleeding episode during pregnancy should you be Rh-.
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